Info: November 2007

Friday, November 30, 2007

can Atarax do harm

Atarax side effects

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Atarax.

Side effects reported with the administration of Atarax are usually mild and transitory in nature.

Anticholinergic: Dry mouth.

Central Nervous System: Drowsiness is usually transitory and may disappear in a few days of continued therapy or upon reduction of the dose. Involuntary motor activity including rare instances of tremor and convulsions have been reported, usually with doses considerably higher than those recommended. Clinically significant respiratory depression has not been reported at recommended doses.

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Tramadol gastrointestinal side effects

Reported side effects in the gastrointestinal system:

Nausea, Constipation, Vomiting, Pruritus, Dyspepsia, Diarrhea

Dyspepsia definition: (from the Greek "δυς-" (Dys-), meaning hard or difficult, and "πέψη" (Pepse), meaning digestion) is chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen [1] Discomfort, in this context, includes mild pain, upper abdominal fullness and feeling full earlier than expected with eating. It can be accompanied by bloating, belching, nausea or heartburn. Heartburn is excluded from the definition of dyspesia in ICD 10, as it usually has a different cause and management pathway.

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common side effects of Tramadol

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Although side effects from Tramadol are not common, they can occur. The most frequently reported events were in the central nervous system (Migraine, Speech disorders) and gastrointestinal system (Gastrointestinal bleeding, Hepatitis, Stomatitis, Liver failure). Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: dizziness, headache, drowsiness, blurred vision, upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: fast heartbeat, redness, swelling, and itching of the face, numbness or tingling of the hands and feet, difficulty breathing, changes in urination, seizures.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect.

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Thursday, November 29, 2007

Bentyl and headaches

Bentyl overdose
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.

Overdose symptoms may include numbness or tingly feeling, muscle weakness or paralysis, headache, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, trouble swallowing, feeling restless or anxious, ringing in the ears, tremors, feeling light-headed, fainting, or seizure (convulsions).

Bentyl side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using dicyclomine and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

*confusion, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior;
*fast, pounding, or uneven heart rate; or
*urinating less than usual or not at all.

Less serious side effects include:

*drowsiness, dizziness, headache;
*blurred vision;
*nausea, vomiting, constipation, bloating, stomach pain;
*loss of appetite;
*mild itching or skin rash; or
*stuffy nose, dry mouth.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

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what is Bentyl used for?

Bentyl relieves spasms of the muscles in the stomach and intestines by blocking the actions of certain chemicals in the body. Bentyl is used to treat functional bowel or irritable bowel syndrome. Bentyl may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

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Alesse and sweating

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using Alesse and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

*sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body;
* sudden headache, confusion, pain behind the eyes, problems with vision, speech, or balance;
* chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, general ill feeling;
* a change in the pattern or severity of migraine headaches;
*nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
*swelling in your hands, ankles, or feet; or
* symptoms of depression (sleep problems, weakness, mood changes).

This list is not complete and other side effects may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect.

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Wednesday, November 28, 2007

prescriptions for muscle spasms

Carisoprodol is a muscle relaxant used to relieve the pain and stiffness of muscle spasms and discomfort due to strain and sprain.

Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant, used to treat the pain and stiffness of muscle injuries, including strains, sprains and muscle spasms. The active ingredient in Cyclobenzaprine is cyclobenzaprine.

Flexeril is a muscle relaxant, used to treat the pain and stiffness of muscle injuries, including strains, sprains and muscle spasms. The active ingredient in Flexeril is cyclobenzaprine.

Skelaxin is a muscle relaxant. Skelaxin is used to treat the pain and stiffness of muscle injuries, including strains, sprains and muscle spasms.

Soma is a muscle relaxant used to relieve the pain and stiffness of muscle spasms and discomfort due to strain and sprain.

Zanaflex a muscle relaxant is used to help relax certain muscles in your body. It relieves the spasms and increased muscle tone caused by medical problems such as multiple sclerosis or spinal injury. This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

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action of Aldactone

Aldactone is in a class of drugs called potassium-sparing diuretics (water pill). It is used to reduce the amount of fluid in your body without causing the loss of potassium. Aldactone is used to treat edema (swelling) and hypertension (high blood pressure). Aldactone is also used to treat potassium deficiency and hyperaldosteronism (a hormonal disorder).

Spironolactone inhibits the effect of aldosterone by competing for intracellular aldosterone receptor in the distal tubule cells (it actually works on Aldosterone receptors in the collecting duct). This increases the secretion of water and sodium, while decreasing the excretion of potassium. Spironolactone has a fairly slow onset of action, taking several days to develop and similarly the effect diminishes slowly. Spironolactone has anti-androgen activity by binding to the androgen receptor and thus preventing it to interact with dihydrotestosterone.

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uses for Elidel cream

ELIDEL Cream is a prescription medicine used on the skin (topical) to treat eczema (atopic dermatitis). ELIDEL Cream is in a class of medicines called topical calcineurin inhibitors. ELIDEL Cream is for people ages 2 and older who do not have a weakened immune system. ELIDEL Cream is used on the skin for short periods, and if needed, treatment may be repeated with breaks in between. ELIDEL Cream is for use after other prescription medicines have not worked for you or if your doctor recommends that other prescription medicines should not be used.

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Atarax itching

Side Effects of Atarax

Please note - some side effects for Atarax may not be reported. Always consult your doctor or healthcare specialist for medical advice. You may also report side effects to the FDA at http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/ or 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).

Atarax
Common side effects of Atarax:

Drowsiness; dry mouth.

Severe side effects of Atarax may include:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); involuntary movements.

Atarax Syrup
Common side effects of Atarax Syrup:

Drowsiness; dry mouth.

Severe side effects of Atarax Syrup may include:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); involuntary movements.

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Tuesday, November 27, 2007

Temovate nausea

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

Less frequent or rare

Blood-containing blisters on skin; burning and itching of skin; increased skin sensitivity (for some brands of betamethasone lotion); lack of healing of skin condition; loss of top skin layer (for tape dosage forms); numbness in fingers; painful, red or itchy, pus-containing blisters in hair follicles; raised, dark red, wart-like spots on skin, especially when used on the face; skin infection; thinning of skin with easy bruising

Additional side effects may occur if you use this medicine improperly or for a long time. Check with your doctor if any of the following side effects occur:

Rare

Acne or oily skin; backache; blurring or loss of vision (occurs gradually if certain products have been used near the eye); burning and itching of skin with pinhead-sized red blisters; eye pain (if certain products have been used near the eye); filling or rounding out of the face; increased blood pressure; irregular heartbeat; irregular menstrual periods; irritability; irritation of skin around mouth; loss of appetite; mental depression; muscle cramps, pain, or weakness; nausea; rapid weight gain or loss; reddish purple lines (stretch marks) on arms, face, legs, trunk, or groin; skin color changes; softening of skin; stomach bloating, burning, cramping, or pain; swelling of feet or lower legs; tearing of the skin; unusual bruising; unusual decrease in sexual desire or ability (in men); unusual increase in hair growth, especially on the face; unusual loss of hair, especially on the scalp; unusual tiredness or weakness; vomiting; weakness of the arms, legs, or trunk (severe); worsening of infections

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. However, check with your doctor if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome:

Less frequent or rare—usually mild and transient

Burning, dryness, irritation, itching, or redness of skin; increased redness or scaling of skin sores; skin rash

When the foam, gel, lotion, solution, or aerosol form of this medicine is applied, a mild, temporary stinging may be expected.

Other side effects not listed above may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your doctor.

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Amoxicillin dosage how often

Infection: Ear/Nose/Throat, Severity: Mild/Moderate

Usual Adult Dose: 500 mg every 12 hours or 250 mg every 8 hours
Usual Dose for Children >3 Months† ‡: 25 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours or 20 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours

Infection: Ear/Nose/Throat, Severity: Severe

Usual Adult Dose: 875 mg every 12 hours or 500 mg every 8 hours
Usual Dose for Children >3 Months† ‡: 45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours or 40 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours

Infection: Lower Respiratory Tract, Severity: Mild/Moderate or Severe

Usual Adult Dose: 875 mg every 12 hours or 500 mg every 8 hours
Usual Dose for Children >3 Months† ‡: 45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours or 40 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours

Infection: Skin/SkinStructure, Severity: Mild/Moderate

Usual Adult Dose: 500 mg every 12 hours or 250 mg every 8 hours
Usual Dose for Children >3 Months† ‡: 25 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours or 20 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours

Infection: Skin/SkinStructure, Severity: Severe

Usual Adult Dose: 875 mg every 12 hours or 500 mg every 8 hours
Usual Dose for Children >3 Months† ‡: 45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours or 40 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours

Infection: Genitourinary Tract, Severity: Mild/Moderate

Usual Adult Dose: 500 mg every 12 hours or 250 mg every 8 hours
Usual Dose for Children >3 Months† ‡: 25 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours or 20 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours

Infection: Genitourinary Tract, Severity: Severe

Usual Adult Dose: 875 mg every 12 hours or 500 mg every 8 hours
Usual Dose for Children >3 Months† ‡: 45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours or 40 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours

Infection: Gonorrhea Acute, uncomplicated ano-genital and urethral infections in males and females

Usual Adult Dose: 3 grams as single oral dose
Usual Dose for Children >3 Months† ‡: Prepubertal children: 50 mg/kg AMOXIL, combined with 25 mg/kg probenecid as a single dose. NOTE: SINCE PROBENECID IS CONTRAINDICATED IN CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS, DO NOT USE THIS REGIMEN IN THESE CASES.

* Dosing for infections caused by less susceptible organisms should follow the recommendations for severe infections.
† The children's dosage is intended for individuals whose weight is less than 40 kg. Children weighing 40 kg or more should be dosed according to the adult recommendations.
‡ Each strength of the suspension of AMOXIL is available as a chewable tablet for use by older children.

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Monday, November 26, 2007

what does Allegra - D do ?

ALLEGRA-D should be administered when both the antihistaminic properties of fexofenadine hydrochloride and the nasal decongestant properties of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride are desired:

ALLEGRA-D Extended-Release Tablets are indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 12 years of age and older. Fexofenadine is an antihistamine that reduces the natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose.

Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dilated blood vessels can cause nasal congestion (stuffy nose).

Allegra D is used to treat sneezing, cough, runny or stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, hives, skin rash, itching, and other symptoms of allergies and the common cold.

Allegra D may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

Mechanism of Action

Fexofenadine hydrochloride, the major active metabolite of terfenadine, is an antihistamine with selective peripheral H1-receptor antagonist activity. Fexofenadine hydrochloride inhibited antigen-induced bronchospasm in sensitized guinea pigs and histamine release from peritoneal mast cells in rats. In laboratory animals, no anticholinergic or alpha1-adrenergic-receptor blocking effects were observed. Moreover, no sedative or other central nervous system effects were observed. Radiolabeled tissue distribution studies in rats indicated that fexofenadine does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is an orally active sympathomimetic amine and exerts a decongestant action on the nasal mucosa. Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is recognized as an effective agent for the relief of nasal congestion due to allergic rhinitis. Pseudoephedrine produces peripheral effects similar to those of ephedrine and central effects similar to, but less intense than, amphetamines. It has the potential for excitatory side effects. At the recommended oral dose, it has little or no pressor effect in normotensive adults.

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Alesse do I need to use a condom

You may need to use back-up birth control, such as condoms or a spermicide, when you first start using Alesse. Follow your doctor's instructions.

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER

- IF YOU HAVE VOMITING (within 4 hours after you take your pill), you should follow the instructions for WHAT TO DO IF YOU MISS PILLS. IF YOU HAVE DIARRHEA or IF YOU TAKE SOME MEDICINES, including some antibiotics, your pills may not work as well.

Use a back-up nonhormonal method (such as condoms and/or spermicide) until you check with your health-care provider.

BEFORE YOU START TAKING YOUR PILLS

- BE SURE YOU HAVE READY AT ALL TIMES:

ANOTHER KIND OF BIRTH CONTROL (such as condoms and/or spermicide) to use as a back-up in case you miss pills.

AN EXTRA, FULL PILL PACK.

WHEN TO START THE FIRST PACK OF PILLS

You have a choice of which day to start taking your first pack of pills.

Decide with your health-care provider which is the best day for you. Pick a time of day which will be easy to remember.

DAY 1 START

1. Take the first "active" pink pill of the first pack during the first 24 hours of your period.

2. You will not need to use a back-up nonhormonal method of birth control, since you are starting the pill at the beginning of your period.

SUNDAY START

1. Take the first "active" pink pill of the first pack on the Sunday after your period starts, even if you are still bleeding. If your period begins on Sunday, start the pack that same day.

2. Use a nonhormonal method of birth control (such as condoms and/or spermicide) as a back-up method if you have sex anytime from the Sunday you start your first pack until the next Sunday (7 days).

WHAT TO DO IF YOU MISS PILLS

The pill may not be as effective if you miss pink "active" pills, and particularly if you miss the first few or the last few pink "active" pills in a pack.

If you MISS 1 pink "active" pill:

1. Take it as soon as you remember. Take the next pill at your regular time. This means you may take 2 pills in 1 day.

2. You COULD BECOME PREGNANT if you have sex in the 7 days after you miss pills. You MUST use a nonhormonal birth-control method (such as condoms and/or spermicide) as a back-up for those 7 days.

If you MISS 2 pink "active" pills in a row in WEEK 1 OR WEEK 2 of your pack:

1. Take 2 pills on the day you remember and 2 pills the next day.

2. Then take 1 pill a day until you finish the pack.

3. You COULD BECOME PREGNANT if you have sex in the 7 days after you miss pills. You MUST use a nonhormonal birth-control method (such as condoms and/or spermicide) as a back-up for those 7 days.

If you MISS 2 pink "active" pills in a row in THE 3rd WEEK:

1. If you are a Day 1 Starter:

THROW OUT the rest of the pill pack and start a new pack that same day.

If you are a Sunday Starter:

Keep taking 1 pill every day until Sunday.

On Sunday, THROW OUT the rest of the pack and start a new pack of pills that same day.

2. You may not have your period this month but this is expected.

However, if you miss your period 2 months in a row, call your health-care provider because you might be pregnant.

3. You COULD BECOME PREGNANT if you have sex in the 7 days after you miss pills. You MUST use a nonhormonal birth-control method (such as condoms and/or spermicide) as a back-up for those 7 days.

If you MISS 3 OR MORE pink "active" pills in a row (during the first 3 weeks):

1. If you are a Day 1 Starter:

THROW OUT the rest of the pill pack and start a new pack that same day.

If you are a Sunday Starter:

Keep taking 1 pill every day until Sunday.

On Sunday, THROW OUT the rest of the pack and start a new pack of pills that same day.

2. You may not have your period this month but this is expected.

However, if you miss your period 2 months in a row, call your health-care provider because you might be pregnant.

3. You COULD BECOME PREGNANT if you have sex in the 7 days after you miss pills. You MUST use a nonhormonal birth-control method (such as condoms and/or spermicide) as a back-up for those 7 days.

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Sunday, November 25, 2007

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Saturday, November 24, 2007

proper way to take Buspar

Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

BuSpar is usually taken for only a short time. Do not take this medication for longer than 4 weeks without your doctors advice.

You may take BuSpar with or without food but take it the same way each time.
Some tablet forms of buspirone (Buspar Dividose) may need to be broken before you take the medicine. These tablets have special scored marks on them to make breaking the tablet easy. Do not use the tablet if it has not broken correctly and the piece is too big or too small. Follow your doctors instructions about how much of the tablet to take.

If you have been switched to BuSpar from another anxiety medication, you may need to slowly decrease your dose of the other medication rather than stopping suddenly. Some anxiety medications can cause withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking them suddenly after long-term use.
Store BuSpar at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

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can Buspar make you have dry eyes?

EYES RELATED SIDE EFFECTS

- EENT

Frequent were tinnitus, sore throat, and nasal congestion; infrequent were redness and itching of the eyes, altered taste, altered smell, and conjunctivitis; rare were inner ear abnormality, eye pain, photophobia, and pressure on eyes.

Adverse Effects
The most common adverse reactions encountered with buspirone are dizziness, headache, drowsiness and nausea. During premarketing clinical trials, approximately 10% of the patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse event.

Adverse reactions reported include the following:

Miscellaneous:
Tinnitus, muscle aches/pains. Infrequently, redness/itching of eyes, altered taste/smell, roaring sensation in head, malaise, easy bruising, dry skin, arthralgia, blisters, hair loss. Rarely, acne, thinning of nails, sore eyes, inner ear abnormality, pressure on eyes, nocturia, enuresis, hiccups, voice loss, alcohol abuse.

Buspar possible side effects

Buspar may cause drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, weakness, vivid dreams, sleeplessness, dry skin, blurred vision, altered sense of taste and smell, weight gain, muscle aches, ringing in the ears, nausea, and headaches. If these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor. Notify your doctor if you experience: abnormal movements or "twitches" of the face or neck muscles, other involuntary movements or tremors, depression, confusion, incoordination, chest pain, breathing difficulties. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

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Temovate topical usual child dose

Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness of TEMOVATE Gel in children and infants have not been established; therefore, use in children under 12 years of age is not recommended. Because of a higher ratio of skin surface area to body mass, children are at a greater risk than adults of HPA axis suppression when they are treated with topical corticosteroids. They are therefore also at greater risk of adrenal insufficiency after withdrawal of treatment and of Cushing syndrome while on treatment. Adverse effects including striae have been reported with inappropriate use of topical corticosteroids in infants and children.

HPA axis suppression, Cushings syndrome, and intracranial hypertension have been reported in children receiving topical corticosteroids. Manifestations of adrenal suppression in children include linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain, low plasma cortisol levels, and absence of response to ACTH stimulation. Manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilledema.

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Friday, November 23, 2007

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Nasonex is a nasal allergy spray for the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergy symptoms. Nasonex helps relieve itchy, runny noses, sneezing and congestion caused by dust mites, pet dander and tree and grass pollen. NasonexNasal Spray is a corticosteroid demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties. The Corticosteroids have been shown to have a wide range of effects on multiple cell types.

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muscle relaxant for sprains

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Soma is a muscle relaxant used to relieve the pain and stiffness of muscle spasms and discomfort due to strain and sprains.

Skelaxin is a muscle relaxant. Skelaxin is used to treat the pain and stiffness of muscle injuries, including strains, sprains and muscle spasms.

Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant, used to treat the pain and stiffness of muscle injuries, including strains, sprains and muscle spasms. The active ingredient in Cyclobenzaprine is cyclobenzaprine.

Carisoprodol is a muscle relaxant used to relieve the pain and stiffness of muscle spasms and discomfort due to strain and sprain.

Flexeril is a muscle relaxant, used to treat the pain and stiffness of muscle injuries, including strains, sprains and muscle spasms. The active ingredient in Flexeril is cyclobenzaprine.

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Thursday, November 22, 2007

Alesse overdose

OVERDOSAGE
Overdose may cause nausea, vomiting, and fatigue/drowsiness. Withdrawal bleeding may occur in females. In case of overdosage, contact your health-care provider or pharmacist. There is no specific antidote and further treatment of overdose, if necessary, is directed to the symptoms.

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Tuesday, November 20, 2007

damages caused by overdose of ALLEGRA-D® 24 HOUR

Overdose

Most reports of fexofenadine hydrochloride overdose contain limited information. However, dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth have been reported. For the pseudoephedrine hydrochloride component of ALLEGRA-D 24 HOUR, information on acute overdose is limited to the marketing history of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Single doses of fexofenadine hydrochloride up to 800 mg (6 healthy volunteers at this dose level), and doses up to 690 mg twice daily for one month (3 healthy volunteers at this dose level), were administered without the development of clinically significant adverse events.

In large doses, sympathomimetics may give rise to giddiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, thirst, tachycardia, precordial pain, palpitations, difficulty in micturition, muscular weakness and tenseness, anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia. Many patients can present a toxic psychosis with delusions and hallucinations. Some may develop cardiac arrhythmias, circulatory collapse, convulsions, coma, and respiratory failure.

In the event of overdose, consider standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. Following administration of terfenadine, hemodialysis did not effectively remove fexofenadine, the major active metabolite of terfenadine, from blood (up to 1.7% removed). The effect of hemodialysis on the removal of pseudoephedrine is unknown.

No deaths occurred in mature mice and rats at oral doses of fexofenadine hydrochloride up to 5000 mg/kg (approximately 110 and 230 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily oral dose of ALLEGRA-D 24 HOUR on a mg/m2 basis.) The median oral lethal dose in newborn rats was 438 mg/kg (approximately 20 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dose of ALLEGRA-D 24 HOUR on a mg/m2 basis). In dogs, no evidence of toxicity was observed at oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg (approximately 300 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dose of ALLEGRA-D 24 HOUR on a mg/m2 basis). The oral median lethal dose of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in rats was 1674 mg/kg (approximately 55 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dose of ALLEGRA-D 24 HOUR on a mg/m2 basis).

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damages caused by overdose of ALLEGRA-D® 12 HOUR

Overdose

Most reports of fexofenadine hydrochloride overdose contain limited information. However, dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth have been reported. For the pseudoephedrine hydrochloride component of ALLEGRA-D 12 HOUR, information on acute overdose is limited to the marketing history of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Single doses of fexofenadine hydrochloride up to 800 mg (6 healthy volunteers at this dose level), and doses up to 690 mg twice daily for one month (3 healthy volunteers at this dose level), were administered without the development of clinically significant adverse events.

In large doses, sympathomimetics may give rise to giddiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, thirst, tachycardia, precordial pain, palpitations, difficulty in micturition, muscular weakness and tenseness, anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia. Many patients can present a toxic psychosis with delusions and hallucinations. Some may develop cardiac arrhythmias, circulatory collapse, convulsions, coma, and respiratory failure.

In the event of overdose, consider standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug. Symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended. Following administration of terfenadine, hemodialysis did not effectively remove fexofenadine, the major active metabolite of terfenadine, from blood (up to 1.7% removed). The effect of hemodialysis on the removal of pseudoephedrine is unknown.

No deaths occurred in mature mice and rats at oral doses of fexofenadine hydrochloride up to 5000 mg/kg (approximately 170 and 340 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily oral dose of ALLEGRA-D 12 HOUR on a mg/m2 basis.) The median oral lethal dose in newborn rats was 438 mg/kg (approximately 30 times the maximum human recommended daily oral dose of ALLEGRA-D 12 HOUR on a mg/m2 basis). In dogs, no evidence of toxicity was observed at oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg (approximately 450 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dose on a mg/m2 basis). The oral median lethal dose of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in rats was 1674 mg/kg (approximately 55 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dose of ALLEGRA-D 12 HOUR on a mg/m2 basis).

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Aldara warnings and precautions

If you notice severe skin irritation or flu-like symptoms (diarrhea, fatigue, fever, headache, or muscle pain), check with your doctor. It may be necessary for you to reduce the number of times a day that you use the medicine or to stop using the medicine for a short time until your skin is less irritated or your flu-like symptoms disappear. Avoid having genital, oral, or anal sex while the medicine is on your skin. Make sure you wash the cream off your skin before you engage in any sexual activity. Also, the medicine contains oils that can weaken latex (rubber) condoms, diaphragms, or cervical caps causing them not to work properly to prevent pregnancy. Do not use any other skin product on the same skin area on which you use this medicine, unless directed otherwise by your doctor. Do not share your medicine with others, even if you think that they have the same condition you have. If you are pregnant, check with your health care provider.

Warnings

The diagnosis of sBCC should be confirmed prior to treatment, since safety and effectiveness of Aldara Cream have not been established for other types of basal cell carcinomas, including nodular, morpheaform (fibrosing or sclerosing) types and is not recommended for treatment of BCC subtypes other than the superficial variant (i.e., sBCC). Patients with sBCC treated with Aldara Cream are recommended to have regular follow-up of the treatment site. See table of Estimated Clinical Clearance Rates for Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma in the CLINICAL STUDIES section.

Aldara Cream has not been evaluated for the treatment of urethral, intra-vaginal, cervical, rectal, or intra-anal human papilloma viral disease and is not recommended for these conditions.

PRECAUTIONS

General

The safety and efficacy of Aldara Cream in immunosuppressed patients have not been established.

Aldara Cream administration is not recommended until the skin is completely healed from any previous drug or surgical treatment.

Aldara Cream has the potential to exacerbate inflammatory conditions of the skin including chronic graft versus host disease.

Aldara Cream should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing autoimmune conditions.

Intense local inflammatory reactions including skin weeping or erosion can occur after only a few applications of Aldara Cream. Local inflammatory reactions may be accompanied, or even preceded, by flu-like systemic signs and symptoms including malaise, fever, nausea, myalgias and rigors. An interruption of dosing should be considered.

Exposure to sunlight (including sunlamps) should be avoided or minimized during use of Aldara Cream because of concern for heightened sunburn susceptibility. Patients should be warned to use protective clothing (hat) when using Aldara Cream. Patients with sunburn should be advised not to use Aldara Cream until fully recovered. Patients who may have considerable sun exposure, e.g., due to their occupation, and those patients with inherent sensitivity to sunlight should exercise caution when using Aldara Cream. Phototoxicity has not been adequately assessed for Aldara Cream. The enhancement of ultraviolet carcinogenicity is not necessarily dependent on phototoxic mechanisms. Despite the absence of observed phototoxicity in humans (see ADVERSE REACTIONS ), Aldara Cream shortened the time to skin tumor formation in an animal photoco-carcinogenicity study (see Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility). Therefore, it is prudent for patients to minimize or avoid natural or artificial sunlight exposure.

Actinic Keratosis

Safety and efficacy have not been established for Aldara Cream in the treatment of actinic keratosis with repeated use, i.e. more than one treatment course, in the same 25 cm2 area. The safety of Aldara Cream applied to areas of skin greater than 25 cm2 (e.g. 5 cm X 5 cm) for the treatment of actinic keratosis has not been established (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY; Pharmacokinetics section regarding systemic absorption).

Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma

The safety and efficacy of treating superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) lesions on the face, head and anogenital area have not been established.
The efficacy and safety of Aldara Cream have not been established for patients with Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome or Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Note: The Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) was set at 2 packets per treatment of Aldara Cream (25 mg imiquimod) for the animal multiple of human exposure ratios presented in this label. If higher doses than 2 packets of Aldara Cream are used clinically, then the animal multiple of human exposure would be reduced for that dose. A non-proportional increase in systemic exposure with increased dose of Aldara Cream was noted in the clinical pharmacokinetic study conducted in actinic keratosis subjects (see Pharmacokinetics). The AUC after topical application of 6 packets of Aldara Cream was 8 fold greater than the AUC after topical application of 2 packets of Aldara Cream in actinic keratosis subjects. Therefore, if a dose of 6 packets per treatment of Aldara Cream was topically administered to an individual, then the animal multiple of human exposure would be either 1/3 of the value provided in the label (based on body surface area comparisons) or 1/8 of the value provided in the label (based on AUC comparisons). The animal multiples of human exposure calculations were based on weekly dose comparisons for the carcinogenicity studies described in this label.

In an oral (gavage) rat carcinogenicity study, imiquimod was administered to Wistar rats on a 2X/week (up to 6 mg/kg/day) or daily (3 mg/kg/day) dosing schedule for 24 months. No treatment related tumors were noted in the oral rat carcinogenicity study up to the highest doses tested in this study of 6 mg/kg administered 2X/week in female rats (87X MRHD based on weekly AUC comparisons), 4 mg/kg administered 2X/week in male rats (75X MRHD based on weekly AUC comparisons) or 3 mg/kg administered 7X/week to male and female rats (153X MRHD based on weekly AUC comparisons).

In a dermal mouse carcinogenicity study, imiquimod cream (up to 5 mg/kg/application imiquimod or 0.3% imiquimod cream) was applied to the backs of mice 3X/week for 24 months. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of liver adenomas and carcinomas was noted in high dose male mice compared to control male mice (251X MRHD based on weekly AUC comparisons). An increased number of skin papillomas was observed in vehicle cream control group animals at the treated site only. The quantitative composition of the vehicle cream used in the dermal mouse carcinogenicity study is the same as the vehicle cream used for Aldara Cream, minus the active moiety (imiquimod).

In a 52-week dermal photoco-carcinogenicity study, the median time to onset of skin tumor formation was decreased in hairless mice following chronic topical dosing (3X/week; 40 weeks of treatment followed by 12 weeks of observation) with concurrent exposure to UV radiation (5 days per week) with the Aldara Cream vehicle alone. No additional effect on tumor development beyond the vehicle effect was noted with the addition of the active ingredient, imiquimod, to the vehicle cream.

Imiquimod revealed no evidence of mutagenic or clastogenic potential based on the results of five in vitro genotoxicity tests (Ames assay, mouse lymphoma L5178Y assay, Chinese hamster ovary cell chromosome aberration assay, human lymphocyte chromosome aberration assay and SHE cell transformation assay) and three in vivo genotoxicity tests (rat and hamster bone marrow cytogenetics assay and a mouse dominant lethal test).

Daily oral administration of imiquimod to rats, throughout mating, gestation, parturition and lactation, demonstrated no effects on growth, fertility or reproduction, at doses up to 87X MRHD based on AUC comparisons.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C:

Systemic embryofetal development studies were conducted in rats and rabbits. Oral doses of 1, 5 and 20 mg/kg/day imiquimod were administered during the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6-15) to pregnant female rats. In the presence of maternal toxicity, fetal effects noted at 20 mg/kg/day [8X MRHD based on body surface area (BSA) comparisons] included increased resorptions, decreased fetal body weights, delays in skeletal ossification, bent limb bones, and two fetuses in one litter (2 of 1567 fetuses) demonstrated exencephaly, protruding tongues and low-set ears. No treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were noted at 5 mg/kg/day (55X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).

Intravenous doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day imiquimod were administered during the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6 18) to pregnant female rabbits. No treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were noted at 2 mg/kg/day (1.5X MRHD based on AUC comparisons), the highest dose evaluated in this study, or 1 mg/kg/day (407X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).

A combined fertility and peri- and post-natal development study was conducted in rats. Oral doses of 1, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg/day imiquimod were administered to male rats from 70 days prior to mating through the mating period and to female rats from 14 days prior to mating through parturition and lactation. No effects on growth, fertility, reproduction or post-natal development were noted at doses up to 6 mg/kg/day (87X MRHD based on AUC comparisons), the highest dose evaluated in this study. In the absence of maternal toxicity, bent limb bones were noted in the F1 fetuses at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day (87X MRHD based on AUC comparisons). This fetal effect was also noted in the oral rat embryofetal development study conducted with imiquimod. No treatment related effects on teratogenicity were noted at 3 mg/kg/day (41X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Aldara Cream should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether topically applied imiquimod is excreted in breast milk.

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy in patients with external genital/perianal warts below the age of 12 years have not been established.

AK and sBCC are not conditions generally seen within the pediatric population. The safety and efficacy of Aldara Cream for AK or sBCC in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Of the 215 patients in the 2X/week clinical studies evaluating the treatment of AK lesions with Aldara Cream, 127 patients (59%) were 65 years and older, while 60 patients (28%) were 75 years and older. Of the 185 patients in the 5X/week treatment groups of clinical studies evaluating the treatment of sBCC with Aldara Cream, 65 patients (35%) were 65 years and older, while 25 patients (14%) were 75 years and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients. No other clinical experience has identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Warnings and precautions at aldara.com

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Aciphex uses

Aciphex decreases the amount of acid produced in your stomach. Aciphex is used to treat ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD or heartburn), and other conditions involving excessive stomach acid production.

Healing of Erosive or Ulcerative Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease GERD)

ACIPHEX® is indicated for short-term (4 to 8 weeks) treatment in the healing and symptomatic relief of erosive or ulcerative gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). For those patients who have not healed after 8 weeks of treatment, an additional 8-week course of ACIPHEX® may be considered.

Maintenance of Healing of Erosive or Ulcerative Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

ACIPHEX® is indicated for maintaining healing and reduction in relapse rates of heartburn symptoms in patients with erosive or ulcerative gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD Maintenance). Controlled studies do not extend beyond 12 months.

Treatment of Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

ACIPHEX® is indicated for the treatment of daytime and nighttime heartburn and other symptoms associated with GERD.

Healing of Duodenal Ulcers

ACIPHEX® is indicated for short-term (up to four weeks) treatment in the healing and symptomatic relief of duodenal ulcers. Most patients heal within four weeks.

Helicobacter pylori Eradication to Reduce the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer Recurrence

ACIPHEX® in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin as a three drug regimen, is indicated for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or history within the past 5 years) to eradicate H. pylori. Eradication of H. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. (See CLINICAL STUDIES and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.)

In patients who fail therapy, susceptibility testing should be done. If resistance to clarithromycin is demonstrated or susceptibility testing is not possible, alternative antimicrobial therapy should be instituted. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Microbiology and the clarithromycin package insert, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Microbiology.)

Treatment of Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions, Including Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

ACIPHEX® is indicated for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

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Wednesday, November 14, 2007

chemical make up of Antivert

Chemically, Antivert® (meclizine HCl) is 1-(p-chloro-α-phenylbenzyl)-4-(m-methylbenzyl) piperazine dihydrochloride monohydrate.
Inert ingredients for the tablets are: dibasic calcium phosphate; magnesium stearate; polyethylene glycol; starch; sucrose. The 12.5 mg tablets also contain: Blue 1. The 25 mg tablets also contain: Yellow 6 Lake; Yellow 10 Lake. The 50 mg tablets also contain: Blue 1 Lake; Yellow 10 Lake.

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Dexamethasone overdose and pregnancy

Teratogenic effects: Pregnancy Category C.


Corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic in many species when given in doses equivalent to the human dose. Animal studies in which corticosteroids have been given to pregnant mice, rats, and rabbits have yielded an increased incidence of cleft palate in the offspring. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Infants born to mothers who have received substantial doses of corticosteroids during pregnancy should be carefully observed for signs of hypoadrenalism.

Nursing Mothers:
Systemically administered corticosteroids appear in human milk and could suppress growth, interfere with endogenous corticosteroid production, or cause other untoward effects. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from corticosteroids, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Overdose
Seek emergency medical attention. A single large dose of this medication is unlikely to cause symptoms or death. An overdose is more likely to be caused by a chronic overdose--large doses taken over a period of time.
Symptoms of an overdose include obesity (especially around the stomach); a round face; increased hair growth (especially around the face); acne; bruising; increased blood pressure; swollen hands, feet, or ankles (fluid retention); and sore or weak muscles.
Treatment of overdosage is by supportive and symptomatic therapy. In the case of acute overdosage, according to the patient's condition, supportive therapy may include gastric lavage or emesis.

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can you take Bentyl when pregnant

Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category B. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 33 times the maximum recommended human dose based on 160 mg/day (3 mg/kg) and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to dicyclomine. Epidemiologic studies in pregnant women with products containing dicyclomine hydrochloride (at doses up to 40 mg/day) have not shown that dicyclomine increases the risk of fetal abnormalities if administered during the first trimester of pregnancy. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women at the recommended doses (80-l60 mg/day). Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, dicyclomine as indicated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

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